Dealing with a blocked or damaged drain can be a frustrating experience. Fortunately, with the right knowledge and tools, many common issues can be resolved without having to call in a professional. Whether you’re dealing with a slow-draining sink, a blocked shower, or a more serious problem, this article will walk you through the steps to diagnose and repair drains effectively.
Understanding Common Drain Problems
Before we start talking about repairs, it’s important to first diagnose and identify the issue. Here are some common drain problems and their causes:
Blocked Sewer/Waste Pipes
Small-diameter pipes connected to sinks, baths, and showers are prone to blockages caused by soap residue, grease, hair, or other debris. However, blockages can sometimes have less obvious causes, such as improper pipe gradient or a foreign object lodged in the pipe.
If the issue isn’t immediately clear or keeps recurring, it may be necessary to use specialist equipment like small-bore CCTV cameras to inspect the pipe. These surveys are quick, and straightforward, and provide a clear picture of the problem, helping you determine the best course of action to resolve it.
Blocked Outside Drains
A significant number of blockages we encounter in homes or businesses occur in the external drainage system. Common signs include water leaking from manhole covers or slow-flushing toilets.
Many of these blockages are caused by debris or stones accumulating in the sewer trap, which is typically located in the last chamber before the drain exits the property. Often, a simple clean-out can resolve the issue. However, in some cases, the trap may be cracked or damaged due to age and might require replacement.
Another frequent cause of external drain blockages is poorly constructed or damaged manholes or chambers. For instance, if the connections within the manhole aren’t properly aligned with the channel, it can lead to splashing and the build-up of debris, resulting in blockages.
Common Drain Issues: Blocked Rainwater Drains
Rainwater drains, such as gullies, are prone to blockages, which can cause water to back up. Most rainwater drains are equipped with a trap designed to catch solids and silt before they travel further downstream. These traps also act as a barrier to prevent unpleasant drain smells, particularly in domestic settings.
To address a blockage, start by removing any silt and debris from the trap. Next, clean the connected pipework to ensure proper water flow. In some cases, high-pressure water jetting may be necessary to clear the system and restore functionality to a soakaway.
However, if the issue is more complex—such as requiring the replacement of a soakaway or the use of specialised equipment like a jet vac—it’s best to call in a professional to handle the job effectively.
Tools and Equipment You’ll Need for Repairing Drains
Having the right tools on hand can make drain repairs much easier. Here’s a list of essentials:
Plunger: For clearing blockages in sinks, toilets, and showers.
Drain Snake or Auger: This is used to remove stubborn clogs deeper into the pipes.
Pipe Wrench: For tightening or loosening pipe fittings.
Screwdrivers and Pliers: For accessing and dismantling pipe sections.
Bucket and Towels: To catch water and clean up spills.
Drain Cleaning Solutions: Chemical cleaners or natural alternatives like vinegar and baking soda.
Safety Gear: Gloves, goggles, and a mask to protect yourself from debris and chemicals.
Step-by-Step Guide to Repairing Drains
a. Clearing Blockages
Try a Plunger:
Cover the drain with the plunger and push it down, then pull up quickly. Repeat several times until the blockage clears.
Use a Drain Snake:
Put the drain snake into the drain and move it around to break up or retrieve the clog.
Apply a Drain Cleaner:
For minor blockages, use a chemical cleaner (follow instructions carefully) or a natural solution like vinegar and baking soda.
b. Fixing Leaks
Locate the Leak:
Check under sinks, around pipe joints, and along visible pipes for signs of water.
Tighten Connections:
Use a pipe wrench to tighten any loose fittings.
Replace Damaged Sections:
If a pipe is cracked or corroded, cut out the damaged section and replace it with a new piece using pipe connectors.
Seal Joints:
Apply plumber’s tape or joint compound to ensure a watertight seal.
c. Eliminating Odours
Clean the Drain:
Pour boiling water down the drain to dissolve grease and debris.
Use Vinegar and Baking Soda:
Sprinkle some baking soda into the drain, and then add the vinegar. It should start fizzling. Leave it for about 15 minutes, then flush with hot water.
Check the Trap:
Ensure the P-trap under the sink is filled with water to prevent sewer gases from escaping.
d. Addressing Collapsed Pipes
Inspect the Pipe:
Use a CCTV drain camera (if available) to locate the collapsed section.
Excavate the Area:
Carefully dig around the damaged pipe to access it.
Replace the Pipe:
Cut out the collapsed section and install a new pipe, ensuring proper alignment and sealing.
Backfill and Restore:
Refill the excavated area and restore the surface.
Preventative Maintenance Tips
Preventing drain problems is easier and cheaper than repairing them. Here’s how to keep your drains in top condition:
Avoid Pouring Grease Down the Drain: Grease solidifies and causes blockages.
Use Drain Guards: Catch hair and debris before they enter the pipes.
Flush Drains Regularly: Run hot water through drains weekly to clear build-up.
Schedule Professional Inspections: Have a plumber inspect your drains annually to catch issues early.
When to Call a Professional
While many drain issues can be DIY fixes, some situations require professional expertise:
Persistent Blockages: If a clog keeps returning, there may be a deeper issue.
Major Leaks or Flooding: Large-scale leaks can cause significant damage and require urgent attention.
Sewage Backups: This is a serious health hazard and should be handled by a professional.
Collapsed Pipes: Repairing or replacing collapsed pipes often involves excavation and specialised equipment.
Eco-Friendly Drain Repair Solutions
If you prefer to avoid harsh chemicals, here are some eco-friendly alternatives:
Baking Soda and Vinegar: A natural combination that breaks down grease and debris.
Boiling Water: Effective for clearing minor drain blockages and sanitising drains.
Enzyme Cleaners: Use natural enzymes to break down organic material without damaging pipes.
Final Thoughts
Repairing drains doesn’t have to be an overwhelming task. With the right tools, a bit of know-how, and a proactive approach to maintenance, you can keep your drains flowing smoothly and avoid costly repairs.
Remember, while DIY solutions are great for minor issues, don’t hesitate to call a professional for more complex problems. A little care and attention can go a long way in keeping your plumbing system in top shape.
